Al-Ahqaq Research Journal, Index HEC Pakistan Y Category from 1st October 2024 to 31st December 2025. AL-AHQAQ (الاحقاق) is a peer-reviewed quarterly (4/Year) interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research at the intersection of research quality improvement and quantitative analysis. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to share innovative approaches, evidence-based practices, and cutting-edge methodologies that contribute to the advancement of arts, humanities, and social quality and quantitative analysis in different fields.
Reimagining the Narrative of Flying Africans: Morrison, Memory, and Myth in Song of Solomon
The given research studies the motif of flying Africans in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon using the folktale, People Could Fly by Virginia Hamilton as a reference narrative. The study explores Hall’s concept of the positioning of identity along the axes of continuities and discontinuities to trace Milkman Dead’s journey toward self-realization. The research argues that Morrison uses the traditional folktale of flying Americans, initially aimed at children, and revises it by embedding rudiments of cultural identity including memory, fantasy, and myth. Expanding the narrative of flying Africans, a story passed down through generations, Morrison places Milkman’s identity within a larger cultural and historical context. The research further explores how a traditional folktale, originally intended for children, can contribute toward creating a shared history as well as highlighting the ruptures of the past. By reimagining and expanding upon Hamilton’s tale, Morrison addresses its inherent ruptures and discontinuities, challenging the cohesive and singular history it once aimed to construct. The research argues that through the narrative complexity of a children’s tale, Morrison offers a profound commentary on the construction of identity, showcasing how cultural narratives can be both unifying and divisive.
Flying Africans Motif, Cultural Identity Construction, Folklore and Memory, Continuities and Discontinuities, Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon.
تفسیرِ قرآن میں دخیل مواد کا تاریخی و علمی تجزیہ
The present research investigates the phenomenon of Dakhil fi al-Tafsir (interpolated or foreign material in Qur’anic exegesis) through a comprehensive historical and analytical approach. It explores how non-authentic, culturally influenced, or ideologically motivated interpretations entered Qur’anic commentaries over time. The study first defines the concept of interpolation in tafsir and traces its origins from the early Islamic centuries, identifying key historical phases where such materials proliferated. It then examines the major causes of this phenomenon—such as the influence of Isra’iliyyat (biblical traditions), sectarian and political biases, philosophical and mystical reinterpretations, linguistic misreadings, and the inclusion of weak or fabricated hadiths. Drawing upon classical sources like al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, al-Burhan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, and Muqaddimah fi Usul al-Tafsir, as well as modern analytical works, this research highlights the critical efforts of scholars to purify Qur’anic exegesis from such distortions. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of methodological rigor, authenticity, and balance in contemporary Qur’anic interpretation, ensuring fidelity to the divine message and preservation of the exegetical tradition’s integrity.
Dakhil fi al-Tafsir, Qur’anic Exegesis, Isra’iliyyat, Sectarian Influence, Fabricated Hadith, Tafsir Methodology, Islamic Scholarship.
شریعت اسلامیہ اور انسانی حقوق:اختصاصی مطالعہ
Islam is a universal religion that upholds human rights in the most comprehensive manner. Unlike any other faith, Islam addresses human rights with such emphasis that it condemns exploitation in all its forms and safeguards the rights of individuals to the highest standard. Its concept of human rights is not confined to Muslims alone but applies to all of humanity, acknowledging the inherent dignity and value of every individual, regardless of their religious or cultural background. Islam calls for the establishment of a just and equal society, ensuring that all aspects of human welfare are considered.When the Creator sent humanity to this world, He provided for their needs, guaranteeing their survival and well-being. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), in his Farewell Sermon, proclaimed a universal charter for human rights and global peace, focusing on justice, equality, and respect for all individuals. A distinctive feature of Islam is its balanced approach, rejecting both excess and neglect.For those who do not accept Islamic laws or violate them, specific penalties are outlined, though their application requires a fair and comprehensive process. In this way, Islam champions a society where human rights and justice are respected, fostering harmony and mutual respect among diverse communities.
The Effect of the Applications of Artificial Intelligence on Language Learning at Undergraduate Level
This study examined how BS student’s perceived using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to learn English, as well as how students observed and participated in the usage of AI tools. Data was acquired using a quantitative research approach through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS at the Lahore campus of COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Most students believe that using Artificial Intelligence tools, such as Grammarly and ChatGPT, improves their learning experience and English competence, including motivation, fluency, grammar, and engagement, based on the results. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of students expressed neutral or ambivalent views, indicating that the value of AI replacing traditional learning methods would not be equally favorable to all students. The results show that although AI technologies often have high potential in augmenting language teaching provision, both online AI and conventional real classroom work should be combined from now on if we are to satisfy all learning needs. Future research needs to delve deeper into these issues to provide more effective artificial intelligence in schools.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), English Language Learning, Hybrid Learning, Traditional vs. AI-Assisted Learning, Educational Technology, Language Competence, Future Research in AI Education.
Faithful Voices: Gender and Ideology in the Urdu Translation of Woolf’s Orlando
This study examines the fidelity of translating gender-fluid content and the influence of translator gender on ideological framing, while analyzing translation strategies and ethical considerations. It employs a hybrid framework that combines Feminist Translation Theory, Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1958) model of translation strategies, and Vázquez-Ayora’s (1977) concepts of expansion, condensation, and economy to inspect the Urdu translation of Virginia Woolf’s Orlando by Syed Saeed Naqvi. Feminist Translation Theory often assumes that the translator’s gender can influence how a text written by a female is perceived ideologically, potentially weakening its feminist vision. This study challenges that assumption by comparing a chosen excerpt from the novel Orlando, which carries gendered themes, and its translated version. The results demonstrate a high degree of ideological, stylistic, and semantic fidelity, with linguistic and cultural shifts primarily responsible for the common changes, rather than gendered interference. This suggests that a translator’s gender alone does not dictate an ideological approach; one can faithfully render feminist content without ideological bias.
Gender, Faithfulness, Translation, Ideological Fidelity, Orlando, Virginia, Feminist Translation Theory, Vinay and Darbelnet’s, Vázquez-Ayora’s
اختلافی تفسیر کے تناظر میں جامع البیان عن تأویل آی القرآن ازامام جریر طبری ﷫کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Qur’anic tafsīr constitutes a central and indispensable branch of Islamic scholarship, serving as the primary means through which the meanings and implications of the Divine Revelation are explored. A salient feature of this discipline is the diversity of interpretative approaches among exegetes, which emerges from a variety of factors, including linguistic and rhetorical nuances, variant Qur’anic readings, multiplicity of asbāb al-nuzūl (occasions of revelation), and divergent narrational or juristic orientations. Rather than indicating contradiction, such diversity reflects the vast semantic scope of the Qur’an and the intellectual richness of Islamic scholarship. This study initially outlines the concept, categories, and underlying causes of exegetical differences, before presenting a critical examination of Imām Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī’s (d. 310 AH) Jāmiʿ al-Bayān ʿan Taʾwīl Āy al-Qurʾān. The analysis demonstrates that al-Ṭabarī not only collated the various opinions of earlier scholars but also evaluated them through a rigorous process of argumentation and evidence-based reasoning, ultimately privileging the view he deemed most persuasive. Selected examples from Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī illustrate the operation of these differences, with particular attention to linguistic analysis, variant readings, revelatory contexts, and juristic tendencies. The study concludes that Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī transcends the role of a mere repository of transmitted reports; rather, it represents a methodologically sophisticated and critically reasoned corpus. It thus constitutes a foundational source for understanding the phenomenon of interpretative diversity in Qur’anic exegesis and for appreciating the epistemological structure upon which exegetical discourse is built.
Qur’anic Exegesis, Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, Interpretative Diversity,Asbāb al-Nuzūl, Qirāʾāt, Linguistics, Juristic Reasoning
ڈی ۔ ایس۔ مارگولیتھ کے حفاظت قرآن مجید پر اعتراضات کا تحقیقی جائزہ
This research critically analyzes the objections raised by British Orientalist D. S. Margoliouth regarding the preservation and authenticity of the Qur’an. Margoliouth questioned the completeness and uniformity of the Qur’anic text, citing variations in early manuscripts, oral transmission, diverse readings (qirāʾāt), and abrogation (naskh). He argued that the Qur’an was not fully compiled during the Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime and underwent editorial and political processes under the caliphs. The study evaluates the credibility of these claims in the light of classical Islamic scholarship and primary sources, presenting counterarguments that affirm the meticulous preservation of the Qur’anic text through both memorization and documentation from the time of revelation. It concludes that Margoliouth’s criticisms lack objectivity and are based on partial evidence and misinterpretation of Islamic traditions.
Preservation of the Qur'an, Orientalist Criticism, Compilation of the Qur'an, Qur'anic Readings (Qirāʾāt), Abrogation (Naskh), Islamic Manuscript Tradition
بیانیہ کا مفہوم :عصری تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
This study is an overview to investigate about the concept of narrative as a central category in literary theory, cultural studies and cognitive inquiry. This paper examines narrative not as a form of storytelling but as a universal tool that helps humans to interpret and organize experience. The interdisciplinary expansion of narratolgy into psychology, anthropology and media studies is also highlighted demonstrating the adaptability of narrative theory to diverse contexts. The study also urges that narrative operates simultaneously as a textual construct, a cognitive framework and a cultural practice affirming its enduring significance in human communication and thought.
Narrative, literary theory, narrative technique, Narratology
زرتشت، یہودیت اور مسیحیت میں منجی کے عقیدہ کا تقابلی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
A belief in Akhir u zamaan and intizaar munji (futoor e bism) is principally such a belief in heavenly religions including jewism, Zoroastrianism Christianism, disclaiming prophets and specially in religion Islam that is accepted as well acknowledged principle. The passion of a promise of Akhir u zamaan and awaiting of munji have been gloriously mentioned in history of ups and downs of these religions at all The Jews, christians, Zoroastrians have been facing all kinds of humiliation, cruelty and oppression in their long and critical history with a hope that one day a christ or sivshianat would emerge. We would make an effort to study the idea of emergence of munji and history of belif in each and every religion and point out its attachments in this essay so that a small step may be taken to bring these religions in connection with one another.
Mahdi, Belief in Mahdi, Messianism, Judaism, Christianity, Awaited Savior.
حدیثِ اُمّ زرع کے تناظر میں معاصر خواتین کے ازدواجی رویے اور رہنمائی: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study examines contemporary women’s marital attitudes and the guidance derived from the Hadith of Umm Zar‘, highlighting its relevance to modern social and familial contexts. The research employs a historical-analytical method, beginning with the Hadith text and classical commentaries, followed by an interpretative analysis of its moral and social implications in relation to present-day marital practices. The Hadith of Umm Zar’a offers a multidimensional framework of spousal behavior, emphasizing emotional expression, loyalty, justice, and appreciation in marital life. When critically analyzed, it provides ethical lessons and guidance addressing challenges faced by contemporary women in their relationships. The study concludes that the Hadith of Umm Zar’a remains a valuable source of practical marital guidance, bridging classical Islamic heritage with contemporary social needs. This paper contributes an original analytical reading of a classical Hadith narrative, connecting it with modern marital issues and offering constructive insights for women’s guidance.
Hadith Umm Zar’a, Women’s Marital Attitudes, Contemporary Women, Marital Guidance, Historical-Analytical Framework.
عالم اسلام کو درپیش سماجی چیلنجز اور ان کا تدارک تعلیمات نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں
This paper explores the comprehensive social system of Islam as demonstrated in the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Amidst the modern world’s growing social crises—including moral decay, family disintegration, economic injustice, and spiritual emptiness—the Prophetic model offers a timeless and holistic alternative. Rooted in the Quran and Sunnah, this system emphasizes justice, equality, compassion, collective welfare, and human dignity. Drawing from the structure of Madinah society, the study analyzes key dimensions such as family, economy, politics, culture, and interfaith relations. Through prophetic sayings, historical practices, and contemporary examples, the research presents the Islamic social model as one that balances individual rights with social responsibilities. The paper further contrasts this model with Western systems like capitalism and liberalism, highlighting their failure to ensure ethical cohesion and community welfare. Modern-day Muslim societies are also evaluated, exposing the consequences of deviating from Prophetic guidance. The study concludes that reintroducing Prophetic values into education, governance, media, and social policy can address deep-rooted societal issues and foster sustainable peace and justice.
Prophetic Social Model, Islamic Society, Social Justice in Islam, Equality and Brotherhood, Family in Islam, Islamic Political System, Moral Decline, Seerah-Based Reform, Human Dignity, Comparative Social Systems.
شرح غریب الحدیث من الأدب الجاهلي في سیاق فتح الباري شرح صحیح البخاري ( کتاب الوحي و کتاب العلم )
The (ilam) knowledge of Hadith is the most noble and honorable of the (ilam) knowledge. Therefore, scholars have served the noble Hadith in various aspects. They have preserved Hadith from the doubts of skeptics and from the errors of the misguided. They have served the science of Hadith from the aspect of correct explanation of Hadith, to dispel doubt and deviation derived from understanding Hadith. They have derived correct meanings as the righteous predecessors had derived them. They have sought help in explaining Hadith from pre-Islamic literature, as was common during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and especially during the time of the seven pre-Islamic poets - the seven suspended ones. This is from the good deeds of the commentators of Hadith and indicates a praiseworthy matter. None of the doubters and objectors could bear to object to the Hadith - in terms of wording and meaning. Therefore, the scholars of Hadith have rolled up their sleeves and have served Hadith completely, exerting all their efforts in this field. May Allah accept their efforts. In this topic, we need a brief overview of the pre-Islamic literature that was used to explain the blessed hadith. Imam Ibn Hajar, may God have mercy on him, wrote a large and comprehensive commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari, and used pre-Islamic literature to explain the blessed hadith.
Hadith Studies, Pre-Islamic Literature, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Hadith Commentary, Preservation of Sunnah.
نورِ تحقیق میں اقبال فہمی: افکار، تنقید اور تعبیرات
This article critically evaluates the scholarly contributions related to Iqbal Studies published in the HEC-recognized research journal Noor-e-Tahqeeq, a flagship publication of Lahore Garrison University. Through a thematic and qualitative review of selected research papers, the article examines how various scholars have interpreted Allama Iqbal’s thought, poetry, philosophy, and socio-political vision. The analysis reveals a diverse range of perspectives—ranging from discussions on Iqbal’s reconstruction of Islamic theology to his role in the Pakistan Movement and contemporary relevance. While some articles exhibit rigorous referencing and conceptual clarity, others remain limited by a lack of critical engagement and textual substantiation. Nonetheless, the overall contribution of the journal in promoting Iqbal Studies is commendable. This review aims to guide future researchers in deepening their approach to Iqbal's multifaceted legacy through more cohesive, contextual, and critical scholarship.
Iqbal Studies, Noor-e-Tahqeeq, Pakistan Movement, Literary Criticism, Contemporary Relevance, Thematic Review
امام طحاوی کی شرح مشکل الآثار اور امام ابن شاہین کی ناسخ الحدیث و منسوخہ کا نسخ فی الحدیث میں تقابلی جائزہ
It has long been known that the abrogation of the verses is always being the part of the sciences of Quran but the differences among the Ulama in the usage of this very word are always there which was accepted by almost everyone. This very phenomenon of abrogation was also present in Hadith literature as happened in Quran. It is necessary for the spiritual evolution of the individual and society. Many matters, in the sciences of Hadith, are based upon Ijtihad which made this very discipline complicated to comprehend. There are many books on this subject that have been written by many of the Ulama. Abrogation, in reality, is the necessary tools for the Islamic Jurist due to its significant impact on different school of thought of Fiqh. An act is annulled by a jurist while the other recognizes it as a Sunnah or Wajib. Hence, this very discipline became important to the cognizance of the sciences of Hadith.
Sciences of Hadith, Islam, Ijtihad, Abrogation, Sunnah, Islamic Jurist
Holistic Health in Islam: Bridging Qur’anic Guidance and Modern Medical Practices
Health is an essential blessing and responsibility in Islam, integrating physical, mental, spiritual, and social dimensions. This study explores the Islamic perspective on health through Qur’anic guidance, Prophetic teachings (tibb al-nabawi), and classical and contemporary scholarship, highlighting health as a divine trust (amanah) and moral obligation. Core principles such as hygiene, moderation, prevention of harm, preservation of life (hifz al-nafs), and spiritual well-being are examined, alongside historical contributions of Muslim scholars to medicine, including Ibn Sina, Al-Razi, Al-Zahrawi, and Ibn al-Nafis. Comparative analysis with modern health policies reveals clear agreement in preventive care, fair access, and ethical rules. while Islamic ethics further integrates spiritual and ethical aspects often absent in secular frameworks. Building on these insights, the study proposes an integrated Islamic health policy framework that unifies Qur’anic and Prophetic guidance with contemporary health standards, emphasizing holistic care, community engagement, and ethical medical practice. This framework offers a culturally grounded, spiritually aligned, and globally relevant model for modern healthcare systems, particularly in Muslim-majority contexts.
Health in Islam, Tibb al-Nabawi, Islamic medical ethics, Holistic health, Preventive healthcare
اسراء و معراج کے متعلق سر سید احمد خان کا نقطۂ نظر:تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ
This article critically examines Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's interpretation of the Islamic event of Isra and Mi'raj. Sir Syed, a prominent reformist of 19th-century India, proposed that the event be understood as a spiritual or visionary experience rather than a physical one. The paper explores Sir Syed's perspective, highlighting his divergence from the traditional view accepted by the majority of Islamic scholars, who regard Isra and Mi'raj as a miraculous physical journey. Through a detailed analysis of his writings, including his interpretation of relevant Qur'anic verses and Hadiths, this work assesses the implications of Sir Syed’s views for Islamic theology and his response to Western criticisms. The article also delves into the philosophical and theological debates sparked by Sir Syed’s controversial stance, offering a critical evaluation of his approach to Islamic faith and its role in shaping modern Islamic thought. The conclusion underscores the significance of Sir Syed's contributions in fostering a rational discourse within the framework of Islamic beliefs while considering the challenges his interpretations faced in both religious and social contexts.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Isra and Mi'raj, Quranic Interpretation, Hadith analysis, Islamic theology, Physical journey
ایک رُوداد کی بازیافت:نواب سرصادق محمد خان خامس عباسی، علامہ اقبال اور انجمن حمایت اسلام
The secret of the development of any society lies in knowledge and art, and educational institutions play an important role in this. The efforts made for education and learning during the reign of almost every ruler of 'Dar-ul-Suroor Bahawalpur', the second largest Islamic state of the Indian subcontinent, are unforgettable. Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Abbasi V and his predecessors always took steps to promote education. Donations were established and patronized for educational institutions found across the subcontinent, including the Anjuman Hamayat-e-Islam. The Nawabs of Bahawalpur, especially Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V, were appreciators of knowledge and literature and played an important role in the establishment of Educational institutions, libraries and academic centers. This was the period when Allama Iqbal's poetry and thought left a deep impression on the minds of Muslims of the subcontinent, including the state of Bahawalpur. Allama Iqbal had close relations with the rulers and notables of the state of Bahawalpur. In 1930, at the request of Allama Iqbal, the annual meeting of the Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam was presided over by the Nawab of Bahawalpur. The full report of this meeting was published in the Municipal Gazette, Lahore. This report is an important document regarding the relations between the state of Bahawalpur and Allama Iqbal.
Bahawalpur State, Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V, Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, Allama Iqbal, Municipal Gazette, Educational development
عہدِ نبوی ﷺ کا مرکزی نظم و نسق: نائبین، کاتبین اور مشیرین کا ادارہ جاتی و انتظامی کردار
The State of Madinah, established by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the first organized and fully functional Islamic state, built upon the foundations of justice, consultation (shūrā), accountability, and divine guidance. With its establishment emerged a sophisticated administrative and institutional framework that transformed a tribal society into a cohesive and disciplined community. This article presents a scholarly and analytical study of the central governance structure during the Prophetic era, with a particular focus on the roles of deputies (nuwwāb), scribes (kuttāb), and advisors (mushīrīn). The study explores the nature of these roles, their responsibilities, methods of appointment, qualifications, and their contributions to the management of state affairs. It highlights how the Prophet ﷺ appointed capable individuals based on merit, integrity, and trustworthiness, forming a model of governance deeply rooted in Islamic ethical values. The research also demonstrates how the administrative principles employed by the Prophet ﷺ align with many modern principles of governance, such as delegation of authority, record-keeping, institutional consultation, and organizational efficiency. The findings underscore that the Prophetic administrative model was not only effective in its historical context but remains a timeless blueprint for Islamic governance. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, historians, and students of Islamic political thought, providing insights into the institutional dynamics of one of the most successful models of leadership in human history.
Administrative Framework, Deputies, Scribes, Advisors, Responsibilites) تمہید:
قدیم تہذیبوں اور اسلامی تہذ یب میں عورتوں کے حقوق کا تقابلی جائزہ
After the creation of Prophet Adam (AS), Allah created his life partner, Bibi Hawa. From that time on, instructions were revealed in every divine book regarding the position, protection and role of women. The dignity, honor and perfection that Islam has bestowed upon man are not limited to men only, but also include women. It is mentioned in the Quran :” This address is for both men and women. Human does not only mean male, but its means both sexes male & female. And their role in maintaining social life is no less than that of men. Both men and women are playing their role in shaping society. It has made it essential for a joint struggle based on men and women to maintain peace and tranquility in society. History shows that society where women are granted their rights have progressed and remained peaceful, while societies that have denied or trampled women's rights often face chaos and decline. This article discusses the status and rights of women in ancient civilizations pre-Islamic era, and post-Islamic era.
Dignity, bestowed, essential, tranquility, trampled, choas
Digitizing the Divine: How Technology Reshapes Access to Spiritual Knowledge and Challenges Traditional Embodied Practices in Pakistan
Spiritual knowledge through technology is exclusively shaping people’s lives and playing a key role in enriching the values and ethics across the globe, including Pakistan. This article examines the intersection of digital infrastructure and Sufism in Pakistan, exploring how technology reshapes access to spiritual knowledge while challenging traditional embodied practices. Increasing youth engagement (75% participation in digital Sufi events) and narrowing gender gaps in mobile internet access, algorithmic tools like ChatGPT lack the nuanced mentorship of a Shaykh. While digital platforms democratize Sufi teachings, they risk commodifying spiritual experiences, as transcendent states (Ḥāl) remain tied to physical rituals. Hybrid models, combining online outreach with in-person guidance, emerge as a viable solution, balancing scalable access with the sanctity of Silsilah (Spiritual lineage). Notably, Pakistan’s digital divide, with only 21% rural internet access compared to 55% urban, further complicates equitable participation in digital Sufism, exacerbating existing socio-spiritual hierarchies. This study highlights tensions between technological inclusion and the preservation of Sufi epistemology in Pakistan’s evolving digital landscape.
Keywords: Digital infrastructure, Sufism, technology, algorithmic tools, Silsilah, hybrid models, Sufi epistemology.
Ottoman–Jewish Relations in the Sixteenth Century: Legal Status, Economic Integration, and Court Influence
This article examines the multifaceted relationship regarding the interaction of the Ottoman state with its Jewish subjects during the sixteenth century, a period marked by both imperial expansion and the consolidation of communal structures. Drawing upon Ottoman archival records, contemporary chronicles, and European travel accounts, the article examines how Jews were positioned in terms of legal rights and obligations within the Ottoman millet system, their economic integration into imperial markets, and their growing influence in courtly and diplomatic affairs. The article highlights how the Ottoman policy of pragmatic pluralism facilitated Jewish settlement, especially following the Iberian expulsions, and ensured legal protections alongside communal autonomy in religious, educational, and juridical matters. Particular attention is given to the roles of Jewish financiers, physicians, and diplomats who operated at the highest levels of the imperial court, as well as to the emergence of influential figures such as Joseph Nasi and the Kira women. By situating Jewish–Ottoman relations within the broader Mediterranean context, the article reveals the dynamic interplay between imperial interests, minority agency, and cross-cultural exchange. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on tolerance, their incorporation and the strategic role minority groups played in the politics of early modern empires.
Ottoman Empire; Jews; Sixteenth Century; Millet System; Joseph Nasi; Court Influence; Economic Integration; Sephardic Diaspora; Religious Autonomy; Mediterranean History
صفات متشابہات میں مفسرين جلالين كى تاويلات كا تجزياتى مطالعہ :منتخب تفاسیر کی روشنی میں
Tafseer Jalalain is the interpretation of the holy Quran jointly authored by the well-known scholars; Jalal al-Din Sayuṭi and Jalal ad-Din Maḥilli. It had been taught since centuries in the various universities and colleges all over the world. Long debated topics are discussed very briefly in it. Due to its brevity, it is very difficult for the readers to reach its true and original meanings. The writers did not take the objections considerable and passed very quickly to the next debate. Both of the writers had their own specific and to some extent a deviated opinion, deviated from the general convictions of the Ummah. On the other hand there are different opinionsof Islamic scholar in interpretation of “Sifaat Mutashabihaat” and the both Authers have there own specific opinionas wel, this article is included on analyzing of the opinion of Jalallain in the light of selected Tafaseer.
Jalal al-Din Sayuṭi and Jalal ad-Din Maḥilli, Tafseer Jalalain, Interpretation, Objections, Analyzing
قرآن مجید کے اوصاف و خصائص کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ:تفسیر ضیاءالقرآن کی روشنی
With profound and sagacious insight into the contemporary issues of the Ummah, which is the prerequisite for an ideal exegete of the Holy Quran, Pir Muhammad Karam Shah (1918-1998) has no parallel in the entire literature of this genre. This analytical study presents an exploration of the unique characteristics of the holy Quran as debated by the exegetes of the Subcontinent. The objective of this study is to explore how the exegete, with his exclusive mastery, advocates for the cause of the Holy Quran among the people devastated by Orientalism. Salient interpretative ideals and the visualization of the spread on the canvas of Zia al-Quran is the range of this qualitative analytical methodology. As an inference from the research, this study also considers the moral ethics observed by the exegete in addressing the harsh objections of the critics of the Holy Quran. Depiction of Tasawwuf, spiritual piety, and emphatically expressed loftiness of the character of an ideal and practical Muslim is the main contribution of this study.
Pir Muhammad Karam Shah, Exegete of the Holy Quran, Orientalism, Spiritual Piety, Visualization
When Allah Almighty created the creation, He sent different prophets to guide them and the noble prophets continued to perform their duties in their respective eras. Similarly, When the last prophet ﷺcame and spread the atmosphere of Islam everywhere and raised the voice of Islam, but when the Holy Prophetﷺ passed away from this world, the companions continued to perform their duties. And wherever a problem arose, then in the gatherings of the companions (may Allah be pleased with them) there would be some influences that would explain the solution to the problem .In our article ,we will introduce Imam Abu Hanifa, whose name is Noman ,the Kunya of Abu Hanifa and the title of Imam Azam ,and along with this ,there are also opinions on his birth. According to one opinion ,he was born in 80 AH, according to another opinion 70 AH, and according to another opinion 61 AH, and what was his school? And where did he get his education ? We will explain this in our article .Along with this , about Imam Abu Hanifa ,the Holy Prophet ﷺ gave good news about a fortunate person living in Persia . When Imam Muslim narrated this Hadith from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with them( , Abu Hurairah said , If religion reaches the highest point of the sky ,there will be a person living in Persia who will reach it from there .Similarly , Imam Abu Hanifa’s spirit of sincerity was the best, and after that ,the popularity of the Imam ,his asceticism and piety,and his generosity ,good character ,will be described . After that ,we will explain all the issues of education ,training and acquiring jurisprudence in our article . Along with this, we will talk about the method of compiling jurisprudence the method of deducing problems, analogy and isihsan. Imam Abu Hanifa had started paying attention to Hadith during the time of his teacher Hamad. Because meticulous research of jurisprudence issues that Imam Azam wanted could not be possible without the completion of Hadith. Imam Azam’s journey began in Mecca and their were many teachers leaving in Mecca who were benefited by the companions and then he continued to teach and then after Imam Azam attained a high position in Mecca , he turned to Medina to acquire knowledge. He met many scholars in Madina and benefited from their services and knowledge. The number of Imam Sahib’s teachers is said to be up to four thousand. Then comes the account of the death of Imam Abu Hanifa that he was poisoned without his knowledge. When the poison began to affect him, he met his true creator in state of prostration and died in 150 AH .
Imam Abu Hanifa, Islamic Jurisprudence,Fiqh Development,Tābi‘īn Scholarship,Persian Prophecy Hadith
تفسیر مظہری میں احادیث کی تخریج و اسنادی حیثیت: سورۃ حم السجدہ (آیات 11 تا 30) کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Tafsir Mazhari, authored by Qazi Sanaullah Panipati, is renowned for its scholarly integration of Hadith in the explanation of Qur’anic verses. This second installment of research continues the critical examination of Tafsir Mazhari by focusing on the second and third Ruku (verses 11–30) of Surah Ha Meem al-Sajdah (Fussilat), analyzing five Hadith narrations cited in this section. The paper aims to: Investigate the chain of transmission (isnād) and authenticity of each narration using classical hadith sources such as Sahihayn, Sunan, Musnad, and Mu‘jam; Evaluate the contextual relevance of each hadith within the tafsīr of its corresponding verse; Examine the methodological consistency of Qazi Sanaullah in citing hadiths, especially in terms of applying weak or non-marfu‘ reports; Highlight any shift or continuity in the exegetical approach compared to the first ten verses. The findings suggest that Qazi Sanaullah Panipati continues to demonstrate critical hadith awareness, employing narrations judiciously while occasionally utilizing weaker traditions with explanatory disclaimers or interpretive caution. The use of hadiths in this segment reveals a balance between transmitted knowledge (riwāyah) and analytical reasoning (dirāyah), reflecting the broader trend in South Asian tafsīr literature. Overall, this paper reinforces the significance of hadith-based exegesis in the intellectual heritage of the subcontinent and offers further insights into Tafsir Mazhari's distinctive hermeneutical style.
Hadith Usage in Tafsir Mazhari, Isnad Analysis and Hadith Authentication, Subcontinental Tafsir Tradition, Integration of Riwayah and Dirayah, Hadith and Exegesis Methodology.
ڈاکٹر محمد اشرف کمال کی نظم کا موضوعاتی مطالعہ
Dr. Ashraf Kamal is a prominent figure in the contemporary Urdu literary landscape, recognized as a professor of Urdu literature, poet, critic, researcher, and writer. He excels in both poetries (free verse/poem) and ghazal (ode) forms of poetry. His poetries cover a diverse range of themes. They express profound praise and glorification of Allah Almighty, along with passionate declarations of love and devotion for Prophet Muhammad. Reverence for the Ahl al-Bayt (family of the Prophet) and other significant religious figures is also evident. Dr. Kamal's poetry poetry also showcases his love for his homeland, its soil, and his people, reflecting a deep humanistic perspective. Furthermore, he demonstrates a defiant and resistant stance against oppression, directed at both societal norms and powerful circles. His poetries convey a spectrum of emotions, including sorrow, pain, and grief, alongside joy and love. Essentially, his nazam poetry is imbued with contemporary sensibility, reflecting the poet's inner self, environment, political and social conditions, and the surrounding circumstances. This paper will undertake a thematic study of Dr. Ashraf Kamal's nazam poetry.
Dr. Ashraf Kamal, Romanticism, Nationalism, Patriotism, Social conditions, Social issues, Political circumstances, Social festival
تفسیر مکی بن ابی طالب کا منہج و اسلوب اور خصائص:تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The Imam Ben Abu-Taleb AlQaisi (died 437 AH) is a brilliant Imam in different arts, like Tajwid, Quranic Readings, Tafsir (interpretation), and others. Among these arts is the science of stopping and starting. He has authored a number of books. Therefore, it was necessary to get to know the stance of this honorable Imam about the science of stopping and starting through his writings. One of the most precious and notable ones is his Tafsir that is called Al-Hidaya Ela Bologh Al-Nihaya (guidance to ensure the attainment of the end). The research aims to shed light on the personality of the Imam, the scholar, the researcher, the gnostic, the master of reciters, and the masters of Tajweed. Imam Makki continued to teach the Holy Quran until the last days of his life, during which time he died in Andalusia. Imam Makki is a leader in the art of recitation, the art of Tajweed, and Ulom-Tafsir. This research paper discusses qualities, writings, his contributions to religious sciences of Imam Makki bin Abi Talib, as well as the methodology, style, distinctions, and characteristics of his interpretation. It is to be believed that through this research paper, scholars will have the opportunity to know your academic contributions, acknowledge them, and benefit from these academic efforts.
Imam Ben Abu-Taleb AlQaisi, Al-Quran,al-Hidāyah ilá bulūgh al-nihāyah. al-juz' al-tāsi' Tafsir, Interpretation
Justice delayed, justice denied: Structural and institutional failures in Pakistan's criminal justice system
Several issues within the Pakistani criminal justice decrease the productivity of its outcomes and their equity. Litigation backlog and high numbers of pending cases have often led to continuance of litigation, which deprives the litigants of seeking quick justice. An issue of corruption in the law system, as well as the justice system, also further complicates the problem because people think that the system is unfair. Part of the problem is that insufficient funds and outdated systems greatly slow investigations and court cases. Meanwhile, more crime convictions and justice can't be achieved without basic witness protection and up-to-date forensic resources. Because the system is said to be biased, inefficient, and not transparent enough, many people still lack confidence in it. Justice will not be achieved in the criminal justice system unless large-scale changes are made. As a result, there will be endless inefficiency and lack of trust, hurting every citizen.
corruption, delayed trials, inadequate resources, judicial reforms, public trust
The Impact of Digital Communication on Modern Syntax: Syntactic Changes in Social Media Platforms
The prime aim of this research is to explore the impact of digital communication on modern language and syntax. This research presents the use of words and phrases in modern day communication and how social media platforms have changed the traditional writing styles. People now a days use different language styles and syntax in their language like abbreviations, emojis, stickers and slangs just to show their emotions, feelings and thoughts more quickly in their day to day communicative styles. By observing the real examples from social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter, Whatsapp, TikTok, Snapchat and many other online platforms. The research shows that online communication and writing styles have become more deviational than face to face conversation. People find it more creative because they do not follow the grammatical and syntactic rules. They have many choices which they can choose easily available on social media platforms. They do not have to follow the rules of the prescriptive English grammar. The findings show that digital media is not just changing how words are used and put together to make a phrase or sentence but it has also encouraged the people to communicate in new ways to express their thoughts and feelings quickly by using short words and abbreviations and stickers. Overall, this change reflects how language is adapting to the fast-paced digital world, making online conversations more expressive and emotionally engaging.
Digital Communication, Social Media, Syntax, Grammatical Rules
A Sharia Review of The Prevailing Marriage Rituals in Pakistani Society
Marriage is a great act of worship that began with Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) and is the means of the existence and survival of the human race and the cause of the birth of the righteous and the devout (peace be upon him). Marriage, if performed according to the Sharia, is a source of modesty, and modesty as well as a source of prosperity and happiness. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: اِلْتَمِسُوا الرِّزْقَ بِالنِّكَاحِ Seek sustenance through marriage. Hazrat Allama Abdul Rauf Manawi (may Allah have mercy on him) says in his explanation: When the intention of marriage is good, this marriage brings blessings and increases sustenance.
Marriage, source of prosperity, sustenance, source of modesty