عہدِ نبوی ﷺ کا مرکزی نظم و نسق: نائبین، کاتبین اور مشیرین کا ادارہ جاتی و انتظامی کردار

The Central Administrative Framework of the Prophetic Era: An Institutional and Executive Study of Deputies, Scribes, and Advisors

Abstract

The State of Madinah, established by the Prophet Muhammad  ﷺ  was the first organized and fully functional Islamic state, built upon the foundations of justice, consultation (shūrā), accountability, and divine guidance. With its establishment emerged a sophisticated administrative and institutional framework that transformed a tribal society into a cohesive and disciplined community. This article presents a scholarly and analytical study of the central governance structure during the Prophetic era, with a particular focus on the roles of deputies (nuwwāb), scribes (kuttāb), and advisors (mushīrīn). The study explores the nature of these roles, their responsibilities, methods of appointment, qualifications, and their contributions to the management of state affairs. It highlights how the Prophet ﷺ appointed capable individuals based on merit, integrity, and trustworthiness, forming a model of governance deeply rooted in Islamic ethical values. The research also demonstrates how the administrative principles employed by the Prophet ﷺ align with many modern principles of governance, such as delegation of authority, record-keeping, institutional consultation, and organizational efficiency. The findings underscore that the Prophetic administrative model was not only effective in its historical context but remains a timeless blueprint for Islamic governance. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, historians, and students of Islamic political thought, providing insights into the institutional dynamics of one of the most successful models of leadership in human history.